Oruro is a city in Bolivia with a population of about 248 000 (2000), located about equidistant between La Paz and Sucre at approx. 3710 meters above sea level. It is the capital of the department of Oruro.
The city was first founded in 1606 as a silver-mining-center in the Urus region. At the time, it was named Real Villa de Don Felipe de Austria after the Spanish monarch Philip III. It was eventually abandoned as the mines were exhausted, but was reestablished in the late nineteenth century, this time as a tin-mining-center.