Explorers from Europe in the 1600s usually had the dual motive of conversion of native peoples to Christianity and exploring and gaining lands for their flag. When the Conquistadors came to Peru in 1531, they outlawed the religions practiced by the Andean people. They shamelessly exploited the Andean people’s belief in the divinity of their ruler, Atahualpa, for their own personal gain, and used Christianity as a veil to mask their greed and desire for dominion.
Before Atahualpa was killed, the Friar Vicente Valverde told the Andean people that they would have to convert to Catholicism, or be considered as enemies of the church. Changing religions was not normally demanded by the Inca when they conquered surrounding peoples, although they did insist that their gods be worshipped side by side with the gods of the conquered people.
Atahualpa’s famous reply to the demand of Valverde was that he would not convert... "our religion being good and I and my subjects are happy. However, despite my being a son of Huayna Capac I cannot discuss anything so wise and old. The Christ that you speak of died, the Sun and Moon never die, besides how do you know your god created the
world? "
Such questions were not open for debate by his captors, and, before being cruelly executed, Atahualpa was forcibly “converted” to Catholicism. Unfortunately, the wise teachings of Jesus have been misused in this manner throughout history.
Eventually, the religion of the conquerors became mixed with the religion of the Andean people. They did not give up their gods, but came to worship the deities of the conquerors side by side with them. There are countless examples of this syncretism in the art,  ceremonies and festivals celebrated throughout Latin America.
One of the most famous is the Peruvian painting of the Last Supper by artist Marcos Zapata. It depicts the main dish in the center of the table as cuy (guinea pig) instead of lamb. Guinea pig is considered a delicacy in the Andes, and is served during important occasions.
Many Ayahuasqueros, or shamans who conduct ceremonies involving the ingestion of the ayahuasca plant, use Christian elements in their ceremonies, and direct songs and prayers to Christ and the Christian angels and saints while honoring the plant spirits.
Also, many of the Christian churches of the Andes, such as the church of Santo Domingo, were built on top of the original Inca foundations.

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